[169], "Shackleton" redirects here. Shackleton refused to pack supplies for more than four weeks, knowing that if they did not reach South Georgia within that time, the boat and its crew would be lost. [168] Blended with a parallel story of a struggling composer, the play retells the adventure of Endurance in detail, incorporating photos and videos of the journey. 350,000), not through an outright gift. [124][125], The plan changed; the destination became the Antarctic, and the project was defined by Shackleton as an "oceanographic and sub-antarctic expedition". Mrs Chippy was shot when the Endurance sank, due to the belief that he would not have survived the ordeal that followed. When did Ernest Shackleton reach Antarctica? McIlroy was head of the scientific staff, which included Wordie. [9], From early childhood, Shackleton was a voracious reader, a pursuit which sparked a passion for adventure. Emily Shackleton later recorded: "The only comment he made to me about not reaching the Pole was 'a live donkey is better than a dead lion, isn't it?' Launched in August 1914, the expedition became one of the most famous survival stories of all time after . Why is Shackleton famous? Of later independent fame was the photographer Frank Hurley, known on this mission for his perilous shots. On his return to England, Shackleton was knighted and was made a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order. Shackleton served in the British army during World War I and served as a military advisor in the multinational North Russia Expeditionary Force during the Russian Civil War. It's probably fair to say that adventurer Ernest Shackleton's attempt to cross the 2,000-mile Antarctic continent in 1914 was a successful failure. See answer (1) Best Answer. After a medical examination (which proved inconclusive),[34] Scott decided to send Shackleton home on the relief ship Morning, which had arrived in McMurdo Sound in January 1903. Abraham Shackleton, an English Quaker, moved to Ireland in 1726 and started a school at Ballitore, County Kildare. [12], During the following four years at sea, Shackleton learned his trade, visiting the far corners of the earth and forming acquaintances with a variety of people from many walks of life, learning to be at home with all kinds of men. An Anglo-Irish adventurer, he became a pivotal figure in the era later characterised as the "Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration", thanks to the laudable and ambitious . Nevertheless, in February 1907, Shackleton presented to the Royal Geographical Society his plans for an Antarctic expedition, the details of which, under the name British Antarctic Expedition, were published in the Royal Geographical Society's newsletter, Geographical Journal. "This is by far the finest wooden shipwreck I have ever seen. Unqualified as a diplomat, he was unsuccessful in persuading Argentina and Chile to enter the war on the Allied side. It is likely that many debts were not pressed and were written off. Shackleton then worked hard to persuade others of his wealthy friends and acquaintances to contribute, including Sir Philip Lee Brocklehurst, who subscribed 2,000 (approximately equivalent to 212,000 in 2019) to secure a place on the expedition;[46] author Campbell Mackellar; and Guinness baron Lord Iveagh, whose contribution was secured less than two weeks before the departure of the expedition ship Nimrod. Shackleton reluctantly agreed to look for winter quarters at either the Barrier Inletwhich Discovery had briefly visited in 1902or King Edward VII Land. [33] Although in public they remained mutually respectful and cordial,[36] according to biographer Roland Huntford, Shackleton's attitude to Scott turned to "smouldering scorn and dislike"; salvage of wounded pride required "a return to the Antarctic and an attempt to outdo Scott". The "Great Southern Journey",[54] as Frank Wild called it, began on 29 October 1908. [118], For his "valuable services rendered in connection with Military Operations in North Russia" Shackleton was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1919 King's Birthday Honours,[119] and was also mentioned in despatches by General Ironside. As the ship moved southward navigating in ice, first-year ice was encountered, which slowed progress. The attempt this week to find Sir Ernest Shackleton's missing ship, the Endurance, has ended - without success. Stark images of Shackleton's struggle. In 2002, in a BBC poll conducted to determine the "100 Greatest Britons", Shackleton was ranked 11th while Scott was down in 54th place. Sir Ernest Shackleton had his first taste of polar exploration when he travelled with Robert Falcon Scott to the Antarctic in 1901. [155] That same year, on the date of what would have been Shackleton's 137th birthday, Google honoured him with a Google Doodle. He started from England on the Endurance.In Antarctica, the ship got stuck in sea ice on January 24th.They tried their best to save the ship. [15], Shackleton used his acquaintance with the son to obtain an interview with Longstaff senior, with a view to obtaining a place on the expedition. Ernest Shackleton was a well-known Irish and British explorer during the first two decades of the twentieth century. When explorer Ernest Shackleton and his crew set out for Antarctica on the Endurance in 1914, they had no idea their journey would become one of history's greatest epics of survival. [139], During the ensuing decades Shackleton's status as a polar hero was generally outshone by that of Captain Scott, whose polar party had by 1925 been commemorated on more than 30 monuments in Britain alone, including stained glass windows, statues, busts and memorial tablets. His . Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was buried on the island of South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean. What did Ernest Shackleton accomplish on his expedition to Antarctica? The party was forced to ride out the storm offshore, in constant danger of being dashed against the rocks. [82] Shackleton also loosened some traditional hierarchies to promote camaraderie, such as distributing the ship's chores equally among officers, scientists, and seamen. When spring arrived in September, the breaking of the ice and its later movements put extreme pressures on the ship's hull. Shackleton took care of other business, rejoining Nimrod in Lyttleton, New Zealand. The ship, after a drift of many months, had returned to New Zealand. Disaster struck when his ship, the Endurance, was crushed by ice. In 1912 Sir Ernest Shackleton began plans to organise the Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition to achieve this challenge. [8] Four years later, the family moved again, from Ireland to Sydenham in suburban London. Transcript. Earnest Shackleton first went to. Beardmore was sufficiently impressed with Shackleton to offer financial support,[c][45] but other donations proved hard to come by. He joined the merchant navy when he was 16 and worked on many different ships. A supporting party, the Ross Sea party led by A.E. EXPLORERS - ROALD AMUNDSEN. Endurance was the three-masted barquentine in which Sir Ernest Shackleton and a crew of 27 men sailed for the Antarctic on the 1914-1917 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition.The ship, originally named Polaris, was built at Framns shipyard and launched in 1912 from Sandefjord in Norway.After her commissioners could no longer pay the shipyard, the ship was bought by Shackleton in January 1914 . "[22], Discovery departed London on 31 July 1901, arriving at the Antarctic coast, via Cape Town and New Zealand, on 8 January 1902. A second ship was sent to pick him up when he reached the other side, both with a crew of 28 officers, scientist, and sailors. [90], Until this point, Shackleton had hoped that the ship, when released from the ice, could work her way back towards Vahsel Bay. 2010-02-16 16:39:59. Getty Images Ernest Shackleton's ship, Endurance, trapped in ice. [61], On Shackleton's return home, public honours were quickly forthcoming. When Shackleton returned to England in May 1917, Europe was in the midst of the First World War. Sir Ernest Shackleton was an explorer who in 1901 joined an expedition to the Antarctic. Timeline and Map. In his search for rapid pathways to wealth and security, he launched business ventures which failed to prosper, and he died heavily in debt. This march was not a serious attempt on the Pole, although the attainment of a high latitude was of great importance to Scott, and the inclusion of Shackleton indicated a high degree of personal trust. A UK-led expedition to the Weddell Sea sent a sub to the . [73], None of these enterprises prospered, and his main source of income was his earnings from lecture tours. [101] Ship's carpenter Harry McNish made various improvements, including raising the sides, strengthening the keel, building a makeshift deck of wood and canvas, and sealing the work with oil paint and seal blood.[101]. [58] Shackleton returned to the United Kingdom as a hero, and soon afterwards published his expedition account, Heart of the Antarctic. Devoted to creating a legacy, he led the Trans-Antarctic. He was a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. The meteorologist was Captain L. Hussey, also an able banjo player. Where did Ernest Shackleton attend school? Event and key to map Time since leaving England Date 8 Shackleton, Worsley, and Crean reach Stromness whaling station 21 months, 12 days May 20th 1916. Like many great tales, Shackleton's story is one of failure. (, Shackleton stood as political candidate in Dundee but finished fourth of five candidates, with 3,865 votes to the victor's 9,276. The story of Shackleton's ill-fated journey exemplifies the strength of human spirit and one man's determination to succeed against all odds. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton is best known as a polar explorer who was associated with four expeditions exploring Antarctica, particularly the Trans-Antarctic (Endurance) Expedition (191416) that he led, which, although unsuccessful, became famous as a tale of remarkable perseverance and survival. Unlike the Arctic ice, which is frozen over the Arctic ocean, Antarctica is also a. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO OBE FRGS FRSGS (15 February 1874 - 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic.He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.. Born in Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland, Shackleton and his Anglo-Irish family moved to Sydenham in suburban south London . Sadly, Shackleton died of a heart attack, one month shy of his 48th birthday while moored in South Georgia. In tribute to their achievement, he wrote: "I do not know how they did it, except that they had tothree men of the heroic age of Antarctic exploration with 50feet of rope between themand a carpenter's adze".[108]. [27] Scott chose Shackleton to accompany Wilson and himself on the expedition's southern journey, a march southwards to achieve the highest possible latitude in the direction of the South Pole. Copy. Born on February 15, 1874 - Sir Ernest Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer who led a total of three voyages to Antarctica. ", Study of diaries kept by Eric Marshall, medical officer to the 190709 expedition, suggests that Shackleton suffered from an atrial septal defect ("hole in the heart"), a congenital heart defect, which may have been a cause of his health problems.[134]. October 10, 2012, 11:40 AM Live Oct. 11, 2012 -- Ernest Shackleton ought to have died on the Antarctic ice. Ernest Shackleton and his second in command Frank Wild (left foreground) pose for a photo at Ocean Camp, after their ship, Endurance, was trapped in ice in February 1915. But when ice trapped his ship Endurance, his mission instantly changed from exploration to pure survival. Details. It was named after Shackleton'sfamily motto: "Fortitudine vincimus" (By endurance we conquer). In 2002, Shackleton was voted eleventh in a BBC poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. [101] McNish had clashed with Shackleton during the time when the party was stranded on the ice, but, while Shackleton did not forget the carpenter's earlier insubordination, Shackleton recognised his value for this particular job. [149] Shackleton has also been cited as a model leader by the US Navy, and in a textbook on Congressional leadership, Peter L Steinke calls Shackleton the archetype of the "nonanxious leader" whose "calm, reflective demeanor becomes the antibiotic warning of the toxicity of reactive behaviour". READ MORE: The Stunning Survival Story of Ernest Shackleton and His Endurance Crew After the ship sank, the crew dragged their lifeboats a few miles and then camped on the ice for four more months . The expedition, prevented by ice from reaching the intended base site in Edward VII Peninsula, wintered on Ross Island, McMurdo Sound. After sea . Shackleton was then briefly involved in a mission to Spitzbergen to establish a British presence there under guise of a mining operation. The party was in high spirits, despite the difficult conditions; Shackleton's ability to communicate with each man kept the party happy and focused.[53]. At 47 years old, Shackleton was on his fourth journey to Antarctica, and the third he had led. [118] In the midst of seeking capital, his plans foundered when Northern Russia fell to Bolshevik control. [76], Shackleton published details of his new expedition, grandly titled the "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition", early in 1914. What was Ernest Shackleton famous for? Photograph by Corbis I. This is the latest accepted revision . He still harboured thoughts of returning south, even though in September 1910, having recently moved with his family to Sheringham in Norfolk, he wrote to Emily: "I am never again going South and I have thought it all out and my place is at home now". After returning from his second Antarctic trip, Shackleton was considered a leading expert in polar phenomena. They set sail again on New Year's Day, 1908. [64][65] He was honoured by the Royal Geographical Society, who awarded him a gold medal; a proposal that the medal be smaller than that earlier awarded to Captain Scott was not acted on. [131] Within a year the first biography, The Life of Sir Ernest Shackleton, by Hugh Robert Mill, was published. [15], The British National Antarctic Expedition, known as the Discovery expedition after the ship Discovery, was the brainchild of Sir Clements Markham, president of the Royal Geographical Society, and had been many years in preparation. Alternate titles: Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton. This book, as well as being a tribute to the explorer, was a practical effort to assist his family; Shackleton died some 40,000 in debt (equivalent to 2,323,748 in 2021[135])[138] A further initiative was the establishment of a Shackleton Memorial Fund, which was used to assist the education of his children and the support of his mother. Thus physicist Reginald James was asked if he could sing;[81] others were accepted on sight because Shackleton liked the look of them, or after the briefest of interrogations. Partly this was in search of better professional prospects for the newly qualified doctor, but another factor may have been unease about their Anglo-Irish ancestry, following the assassination by Irish nationalists of Lord Frederick Cavendish, the British Chief Secretary for Ireland, in 1882. They sailed from London on Friday, August 1, 1914, and anchored off Southend all Saturday. After the darkness of the Antarctic winter, the return of the sun was a major event in 1915 .